Congressional District 23 Congressional District (CA) — Elections 1876–2024

California 23rd Congressional District, California: Bellwether district. In 2024, voted D+9%. Republican peak: R+54 in 1924.

Key facts

2024 presidential margin: D+9MIT Election Lab
Political archetype: BellwetherAkashic typology
Population: 2,807,0122024 5-year
Median household income: $86,5122024 5-year
White (non-Hispanic): 32.6%2024 5-year
Black: 7.7%2024 5-year
Hispanic / Latino: 53.1%2024 5-year
Peak Democratic margin: D+36 in 1912MIT Election Lab
Peak Republican margin: R+54 in 1924MIT Election Lab

2024 results by constituent county

6 counties · 2 D · 4 R

R+60

D+60

One cell per constituent county. Ordered by 2024 D-vs-R margin (bluest first). Hover for county-level numbers.

38 presidential elections

Source · MIT Election Lab · ICPSR · VEST (precinct-level 2024).
Year	Won	Margin	Democratic	Republican	Total
2024	D	+9.1%	530,845	439,536	999,773
2020	D	+21.6%	666,772	425,034	1,118,268
2016	D	+23.7%	516,351	308,373	879,311
2012	D	+19.2%	463,298	311,007	794,909
2008	D	+18.0%	479,647	330,743	827,895
2004	D	+2.3%	368,694	351,980	729,586
2000	D	+10.2%	339,805	274,264	640,137
1996	D	+10.6%	287,999	226,408	578,753
1992	D	+9.4%	289,464	227,199	661,253
1988	R	−10.7%	254,970	316,845	579,698
1984	R	−21.8%	206,171	322,705	535,194
1980	R	−19.6%	168,627	261,600	473,172
1976	D	+0.1%	206,160	205,631	422,614
1972	R	−18.0%	182,654	266,853	467,860
1968	R	−5.3%	189,144	212,414	436,418
1964	D	+14.7%	249,630	185,506	435,490
1960	R	−1.3%	199,581	205,036	406,169
1956	R	−12.0%	148,737	189,543	339,337
1952	R	−13.3%	134,233	176,032	313,401
1948	D	+0.3%	114,133	113,396	240,711
1944	D	+11.6%	114,125	90,210	205,694
1940	D	+15.5%	108,081	78,827	189,302
1936	D	+31.0%	98,673	51,464	152,285
1932	D	+15.0%	72,333	52,711	131,023
1928	R	−44.2%	27,491	71,901	100,489
1924	R	−53.7%	5,493	41,053	66,232
1920	R	−41.0%	10,237	27,110	41,107
1916	R	−8.2%	18,948	22,676	45,198
1912	O	+36.0%	10,324	0	28,649
1908	R	−23.9%	4,427	7,894	14,501
1904	R	−38.7%	2,369	6,384	10,385
1900	R	−13.9%	3,321	4,504	8,502
1896	R	−1.4%	3,894	4,008	8,216
1892	R	−13.1%	2,979	4,105	8,626
1888	R	−12.0%	3,021	3,891	7,265
1884	R	−9.5%	1,572	1,914	3,595
1880	R	−0.3%	910	915	1,893
1876	D	+1.0%	906	887	1,811

Demographics

Race, ethnicity, and ancestry

Click any group to see the ancestries typically reported within it.

German

5.1%

English

4.2%

Irish

4.2%

American

2.8%

Italian

2.3%

French

0.9%

Scottish

0.6%

Source · American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2024 release. Hispanic/Latino is an ethnicity that overlaps the race categories, so these shares can total more than 100%. Ancestry is a self-reported, multiple-response item; ancestry percentages do not sum to the parent race percentage.

Age distribution by sex

Median age: 35.7 in this county, 39.1 nationally

Male

Age

Female

0.6%

85+

0.9%

1.6%

75–84

2.1%

3.8%

65–74

4.4%

5.7%

55–64

5.9%

6.1%

45–54

6.2%

7.1%

35–44

6.8%

7.8%

25–34

7.5%

5.0%

18–24

4.5%

9.2%

5–17

8.8%

3.0%

2.9%

Source · American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2024 release.

Median household income

2024 inflation-adjusted dollars

$86,512

Congressional District 23 ranks near the middle of US counties.

Congressional District 23$86,512

California$99,122

United States$80,734

Source · American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2024 release.

Poverty rate

All persons below federal poverty line

13.6%

Children face moderate poverty.

Children under 1817.8%

Working age (18–64)12.1%

Seniors (65+)14.9%

Source · American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2024 release.

Language at home

Population aged 5 and older

52.3%

speak English only

Spanish36.5%

Asian & Pacific Islander7.3%

Other Indo-European2.8%

Other languages1.2%

Source · ACS 5-year estimates, 2024.

Religious adherents

Adherents per capita by tradition

Catholic & Orthodox

26.0%

Other Christian

10.1%

Baptist

2.9%

Non-Christian

2.7%

Pentecostal & Holiness

2.2%

Mainline Protestant

0.8%

Methodist

0.6%

Source · 2020 US Religion Census. Remaining 54.7% of residents not counted as adherents by any reporting body.

California 23rd Congressional District in the Pacific Coast has, for decades, voted very close to the way the country has voted. Its margins are typically narrow, and the candidate who carries California 23rd Congressional District more often than not also wins the national popular vote.

The Democratic margin in California 23rd Congressional District has rarely exceeded thirty-six points in modern history; the Republican margin has rarely exceeded fifty-four points. 2024 delivered the district to the Democratic candidate by nine points.

Its demographics resemble the country more than they resemble most districts. A 33% non-Hispanic-white share, a 14% poverty rate, and a median household income of $86,512 — all within the broad national range.

Cite this page

All citations released under CC BY 4.0. Attribution: Akashic Intelligence.

Congressional District 23, California — The Long Memory. Akashic Intelligence — The Long Memory. https://tiers.akashic.app/cd/0623/. Accessed May 20, 2026. License: CC BY 4.0.

License: CC BY 4.0

Frequently asked questions

How did Congressional District 23, California vote in 2024?

In 2024, Congressional District 23, California voted Democratic by 9.1 points (D+9), carried by the Democratic candidate. Out of 999,773 votes cast, 530,845 went Democratic and 439,536 went Republican.

What is Congressional District 23, California's political archetype?

Akashic classifies Congressional District 23, California as a "Bellwether" district based on its long-arc presidential voting pattern. Across 38 elections in the dataset, the district has voted Democratic 17 times, Republican 20 times, and other 1 times.

When did Congressional District 23, California last vote Republican?

The most recent presidential election in which Congressional District 23, California voted Republican was 1988.

How many people live in Congressional District 23, California?

Congressional District 23, California has a population of 2,807,012 according to the 2024 American Community Survey 5-year estimates from the US Census Bureau.

What is the median household income in Congressional District 23, California?

Median household income in Congressional District 23, California is $86,512 — above the national median of $80,734. The California state median is $99,122.

What is the political history of Congressional District 23, California?

Akashic tracks 38 presidential elections in Congressional District 23, California from 1876 to 2024. Of those, 17 went Democratic and 20 went Republican. The district's archetype — "Bellwether" — captures the overall trajectory of that voting record.

California 23rd Congressional District delivered D+9 in 2024.

Key facts

Demographics

Frequently asked questions